Aims: This study extends upon a pilot study which assessed the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) to address distress in a cancer-affected population7 . Changes were made to both the program and study methodology based on results of the pilot. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the modified program.
Methods: The structure and format of the Mindfulness-based program was based on the MBCT program developed by Segal and colleagues1 with minor modifications to address distress in a cancer population. Participants (n=53) were recruited via the Cancer Council Helpline. A total of which 25 (response rate: 47%) completed measures of Health Related Quality of Life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General [FACT-G]3 and its spirituality index [FACIT-Sp Ex)]4 , depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS])6 , mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory [FMI])5 , and distress (distress thermometer)2 at baseline, post-intervention, and three months after completion of the program.
Results: Significant improvements were observed on all measures [range: F=5.1-17.2, p=.010-<.001, partial-η2=.18-.65] from baseline to post-intervention and sustained at the 3-month follow-up. Evidence of therapeutic effect was indicated via significant (p <.05) positive correlations with FACT-G (ranging from r =.51 to r =.73) and FACIT-Sp Ex scores (ranging from r =.54 to r=.79) along with significant negative correlations between FMI scores and HADS scores (ranging from r =-.30 to r =-.81), across all time points. Reliable Change Indices will be used to explore findings on an individual level.
Conclusions: A Mindfulness-based program modified to address distress associated with cancer appears to be an efficacious group intervention for people affected by cancer.